02/26/2019 | Report
Qatar 2020 Crime & Safety Report
Qatar 2020 Crime & Safety Report
This is an annual report produced in conjunction with the Regional Security Office at the U.S. Embassy in Doha. OSAC encourages travelers to use this report to gain baseline knowledge of security conditions in Qatar. For more in-depth information, review OSAC’s Qatar country page for original OSAC reporting, consular messages, and contact information, some of which may be available only to private-sector representatives with an OSAC password.
Travel Advisory
The current U.S. Department of State Travel Advisory at the date of this report’s publication assesses Qatar at Level 1, indicating travelers should exercise normal precautions. Review OSAC’s report, Understanding the Consular Travel Advisory System.
Overall Crime and Safety Situation
As Qatar continues preparations for the 2022 FIFA World Cup, Doha is experiencing a massive number of construction projects and economic activity. With a steady influx of migrant workers, Qatar’s population increased to over 2.75 million people in October 2019, according to the Qatari Ministry of Development, Planning, and Statistics (MDPS). Expatriates continue to outnumber Qatari nationals approximately nine to one, and labor workers heavily contribute to a significant gender imbalance (75% male) in the overall population.
Since 2017, a quartet of neighboring countries (i.e. Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, and Egypt) took action to blockade Qatar. The ensuing embargo and its accompanying complications have become known as “the rift.” The Quartet countries allege that Qatar is a supporter of terrorism in the region due to its support for certain Islamist opposition groups. They imposed sanctions on Qatar, to include an economic embargo, the closing of the land border with Saudi Arabia, and the loss of commercial air corridors over the neighboring countries. In late 2019, there were reports that Qatar and Saudi Arabia were in preliminary discussions on a way forward on resolving their differences
Qatar has responded to the blockade by turning economic isolation into new opportunities through a rigorous resilience program, which includes increased trade and ties with Turkey. Life in Qatar, however, for most people is not affected and very much “business as usual,” with the blockade viewed more as an inconvenience rather than a security concern.
Crime Threats
The U.S. Department of State has assessed Doha as being a LOW-threat location for crime directed at or affecting official U.S. government interests. The government monitors crime trends carefully and expends great effort to keep pace via improved security and law enforcement capabilities to identify, deter, and neutralize emerging crime trends or threats. At the same time, anecdotal evidence suggests that crime is underreported. Resident expatriates often do not report minor crimes, as they may fear deportation, and wish to avoid costly legal proceedings. For example, since foreign workers tend to fear deportation, crimes committed by Qataris against foreign workers (e.g. domestic staff) may go unreported.
The Government of Qatar reports a low number of violent incidents and crime. Murders and violent crime are well below the global average. Violent crime targeting U.S. and other Western expatriates, although relatively rare, does occur. Government authorities indicate a low rate of other crimes (e.g. kidnapping, assault, and arson) compared with the rest of the region. The burglary rate is also reportedly well below the global average. Burglaries and thefts typically occur after dark and/or when Western expatriates are away from their homes for extended periods. Reporting indicates that criminals are more likely to target expatriate-style stand-alone residences, rather than residences or apartments in gated and secured compounds.
Incidents of theft from or of motor vehicles (sometimes in connection with “joyriding”) do occur as crimes of opportunity, but are rare in guarded/gated residential communities.
Due to Qatar’s reliance on foreign workers, foreign labor camps house the large resident foreign “blue-collar” labor pool. These areas tend to have higher rates of crime. Moreover, large numbers of foreign workers congregate in certain areas of Doha and its environs on weekends and after hours, leading to overcrowding and the presence of an almost exclusively male laborer demographic.
The government reports that most instances of violent crime are between/among certain third-country national groups composed of young male laborers, and therefore more prevalent within the third-country national labor camps and industrial areas; these do not target Western expatriates. The government is adept at deporting guest workers who might be involved in crimes or pose a threat to public safety. Edged weapons are available and, along with blunt instruments, are often the weapon of choice. Violence by one group of third-country nationals against another frequently involves the use of improvised weapons (e.g. tools, sports equipment, construction materials). These altercations are often the result of specific disputes unique to the populations living in industrial neighborhoods and labor camps. These incidents occasionally occur near, or overflow into, commercial business areas where criminals can locate/create burglary tools and other cutting instruments to perpetrate criminal activity.
Only vetted Qatari citizens may request permission from the Interior Ministry to purchase and obtain a shotgun or air gun for hunting purposes. Third-country nationals may not purchase or obtain firearms.
Other reported crimes include, but are not limited to, various types of immigration and residency fraud, online and SMS phishing activity, ATM/credit card theft, white collar fraud, embezzlement, counterfeiting, illegal narcotics (use/smuggling/possession/trafficking/distribution), identity theft/fraud, pickpocketing (particularly in crowded locales), unauthorized real estate businesses, illegal private taxi services, and various cybercrime activities. There are frequent reports of corporate disputes over business practices. Review OSAC’s reports, The Overseas Traveler’s Guide to ATM Skimmers & Fraud and Taking Credit.
The most common reason for arrests of U.S. citizens as reported to the U.S. Embassy has been for bounced checks, a felony in Qatar. It is common practice to ask renters for a year’s worth of pre-dated checks in order to rent accommodation; if the renter leaves without getting the checks back, the rental company may continue to cash them. Business owners may write checks as well for insurance in business deals; those in possession may also cash them should the deal go awry. Banks will also give out loans with very little collateral required; debtors must pay these in full before final departure from Qatar. U.S. citizens have found themselves stuck in Qatar, unable to work or reside legally, because of bounced checks or unsatisfied bank loans.
Cybersecurity Issues
Qatar takes cybersecurity seriously and, over the last few years, has been the victim of high-profile, publicly reported cyberattacks on government and media websites and on energy industry networks. Qatar is one of a very few countries in the Middle East/North Africa region to have cybercriminal and cybersecurity legislation in place.
The widely publicized hacking of the state-run Qatar News Agency (QNA) website occurred in 2017 just prior to the diplomatic rift between Qatar and the Quartet. The hacker had posted a fake news report of the Amir calling Iran a “superpower,” lauding Hamas, and speculating that President Trump might not last long in power. The QNA removed the story; the website shut down and has still not reopened.
Unsuspecting U.S. victims reported internet-based scams in Qatar to the Regional Security Office (RSO) and Interior Ministry (MOI) in 2019. Fraudsters used the U.S. Embassy’s logo and phone numbers to solicit payment from victims for services including purchases of industrial equipment, enrollment fees for U.S. universities, and job offers. Other scams targeting expatriates have purported to come from spoofed Qatari government offices and phone numbers.
The Transport and Communications Ministry has a dedicated computer emergency response team (Q-CERT), which identifies and resolves major threats and maintains a reporting and analysis coordination effort. Q-CERT works to address cybersecurity threats to minimize the risks from malware, malicious actors (e.g. hackers, terrorists, organized criminal networks, industrial, foreign government espionage) and cyber warfare. Companies and members of the public can report cyber incidents by phone, by email, and through an incident reporting form. Q-CERT’s website includes a daily threat alert dashboard, statistics, and access to technical services assessment and testing. In addition to Q-CERT, MOI established E-SHIELD and a Cyber Security Center (CSC) in 2018 to protect the country’s digital infrastructure and respond to cyber-attacks. CSC and E-SHIELD use the MITRE ATT&CK framework.
The MOI investigates and prosecutes cybercrimes, which fall under its criminal investigation jurisdiction; under Qatari law, these can include defamation and use of the Internet for a wide range of criminal purposes. MOI’s Cybercrime Combating Centre provides data and security intelligence to roving security patrols to interdict and investigate criminal acts. To report cybercrimes to the MOI, contact the Cybercrime Combating Centre at (+974) 2347444 or (+974) 66815757, or via e-mail.
Review OSAC’s reports, Cybersecurity Basics, Best Practices for Maximizing Security on Public Wi-Fi, Traveling with Mobile Devices: Trends & Best Practices, and Satellite Phones: Critical or Contraband?
Transportation-Safety Situation
Road Safety and Road Conditions
The road network in metropolitan Doha, though generally in good condition, strains under the growing number of vehicles on the road and ongoing construction. The government enacted a plan in mid-2013 to smooth the traffic flow in heavily traveled areas. Most preexisting major roundabouts within Doha’s city limits are now four-way intersections controlled by traffic signals.
Construction areas on roads are often poorly marked and can present a safety hazard. The presence of unmarked speed bumps can cause vehicles to lose control if hit at high speed. Outside of Doha, roadways vary from excellent to poor condition. Some lack lighting, and many lack shoulders. Although many highways are fenced to prevent livestock from venturing onto the road, many fences have improvised gates and holes. Low areas can be muddy or washed out during winter rains.
Participation in off-road desert excursions can be dangerous and is better left to experienced off-road drivers with suitably equipped four-wheel drive (4x4) vehicles.
Drivers displaying varying degrees of skill, aggression, and attention often maneuver erratically and at high speed, demonstrating little road discipline or courtesy. Drivers often fail to use turn signals and may neglect to use headlights during darkness or inclement weather. Drivers use their mobile devices extensively to text, check emails, surf the internet, and use social media while driving. Many drivers and vehicle passengers do not use seat belts and tend to disregard traffic signals at intersections and roundabouts not monitored by the comprehensive traffic enforcement system of radars, sensors, and photo/video monitoring systems in place to enforce speed limits and red-light controls. Even with these increased controls, compliance at non-controlled intersections and along unmonitored roads is poor. Traffic fatalities are one of Qatar's leading causes of death and are the number one cause of accidental deaths. According to the Annual Bulletin of Vital Statistics, most victims of vehicle accidents are under 30 years old. Foreigners or others unaccustomed to Qatar’s rules of the road who lose their temper and engage in road rage could face severe civil and/or criminal penalties; in rare cases, a travel ban may prevent them from departing Qatar until the matter resolves to the offended party's satisfaction. Many U.S. companies provide employees with defensive driving training. Review OSAC’s reports, Road Safety Abroad, Driving Overseas: Best Practices, and Evasive Driving Techniques; and read the State Department’s webpage on driving and road safety abroad.
Qatar levies comparably high fines for traffic violations. Failure to stop at a red light – or for stopping over the solid white line at an intersection, even without running the red light – can result in a fine in excess of 6,000 Qatari Riyal (over US$1,600). While alcohol consumption is legal in some licensed hotels, Qatar exercises a zero-tolerance policy for driving while intoxicated; meaning that a driver with a blood alcohol count over 0.0 mg is driving while impaired. Authorities will detain, arrest, and punish offenders with heavy civil/criminal fines and other penalties. Immediate deportation/expulsion is also common.
If involved in a minor vehicular accident, report it via an MOI app named “Metrash 2.” After taking four photos of each vehicle, remove the vehicles from the roadway. The law stipulates a QR 1,500 (US$412) fine for anyone who blocks traffic after a minor vehicular accident. In a more serious accident, or in case of injury, do not remove the vehicles. It is a criminal offense to leave the scene of an accident. In accidents with property damage, you must file a police report to have the vehicle repaired or to collect on an insurance claim. If an accident results in injuries, it may be necessary to self-transport to medical facilities. There are no Good Samaritan laws, so assisting at the scene of an accident may expose the responder to liability.
Public Transportation Conditions
Karwa taxi services use of metered fares prior to entering a taxi. Uber is available and popular. Limousine services are the preferred means for women traveling to/from hotels; women passengers should sit in the back seat. When using public taxis or limousine services, do not allow the driver to pick up additional passengers. Have a cell phone readily available to report an accident or emergency. Female passengers should remain awake and alert throughout the ride, and exercise a higher degree of situational awareness if riding alone. Passengers should take note of the vehicle and driver information in the event of harassment. Report all harassment to the police immediately.
Qatar Rail is now operating a metro rail system in Doha, with a light rail transit connection from Lusail City to Doha. Construction completed in 2019 and all lines (Red, Green, and Gold) are now open. You can download the Qatar Rail App to assist with navigating this new transit system
A public bus system runs limited routes throughout Doha, used most heavily by third-country national laborers. There is little/no use of the bus system by the rest of the population, however this is expected to change as more and more people ride the metro system and use the Metrolink shuttle bus program, which provides first and last kilometer connectivity to customers within 2-5 km of the Doha metro. Review OSAC’s report, Security In Transit: Airplanes, Public Transport, and Overnights.
The Qatari Coast Guard (MOI’s General Directorate of Coasts and Borders Security) and/or Navy may stop and board private watercraft for straying into sensitive or restricted zones. Security awareness while in the maritime environment is essential.
When chartering any local watercraft (dhows in particular, but also motorboats or jet skis) for recreational excursions, exercise care and caution, particularly when operating close to shore in congested waterways. Safety procedures and protocols generally do not meet U.S. Coast Guard standards. There may not be adequate numbers of and/or accessibility to life jackets on board vessels, and licensing requirements to operate certain types of motorized watercraft are not mandatory. Commercial and military vessels use the Gulf's waters heavily; many offshore oil and gas rigs, sunken platforms, and artificial atolls are also present.
Aviation/Airport Conditions
Qatar’s airport and civil aviation officials work closely with the U.S. Transportation Security Administration on security screening and compliance with U.S. security requirements on governing flights to/from the U.S. The U.S. Department of Homeland Security has a Customs and Border Protection unit at Doha’s Hamad International Airport (DOH) and conducts Global Entry interviews at its airport office upon appointment.
Opened in 2014, DOH is one of the world’s busiest civil aviation hubs for transit flights, with an estimated 90% of all travelers passing through in transit status. Qatar aviation officials reported that the biggest threat the traveling public faces at DOH is theft onboard the airplanes from other passengers. There have been reports of arrests for theft of passports during flights; while passengers are asleep or not paying attention, criminals pilfer overhead baggage areas to steal passports, money, and other valuable items.
Expatriates with Qatar ID cards can use E-gate services at DOH free of charge for departures and arrivals, to bypass potentially long queues at immigration counters. To use E-Gate, a passenger places his/her Qatar ID card on the e-reader, which reads and verifies the stored biometric data.
Travelers should ensure hand-carried items and checked baggage do not contain contraband items, including weapons, ammunition, pork products, alcohol, and sexually explicit material. Authorities will seize discovered materials and detain travelers temporarily (12-24 hours) while they determine whether this was an accidental oversight. Most incidents resolve themselves without action by the embassy or the services of a lawyer. Read the State Department’s webpage on customs and import restrictions for information on what you cannot take into or out of other countries.
Terrorism Threat
The U.S. Department of State has assessed Doha as being a MEDIUM-threat location for terrorism directed at or affecting official U.S. government interests. The security and threat environment in the Gulf States remains significant, as regional extremist groups maintain the capability of conducting attacks and attempt to inspire potential sympathizers to conduct “lone wolf” attacks. The Department cannot dismiss the possibility of a terrorist attack against U.S. interests.
Continued threats from terrorist groups directed against U.S. interests worldwide require that U.S. citizens exercise a high level of vigilance and security awareness, keep abreast of regional developments, and incorporate good security practices into daily activities.
Qatar signed a Counterterrorism MOU with the United States in 2017, a month after the rift’s onset. Qatar has recently made significant progress on joint counterterrorism initiatives. Qatar released a terrorism list in 2018 that included a number of Qatari nationals, and has twice joined the United States and all the other GCC states in simultaneous designations of terrorists and terrorism supporters. A bilateral counterterrorism dialogue occurred in Washington, DC in November 2019.
Anti-U.S./Anti-Western Sentiment
Regional developments in the Arabian Peninsula and the broader region change rapidly and may affect local public opinion and sentiment, but it is unlikely to have any discernable effect in Qatar.
Political, Economic, Religious, and Ethnic Violence
The U.S. Department of State has assessed Doha as being a LOW-threat location for political violence directed at or affecting official U.S. government interests.
Civil Unrest
Public protests and/or demonstrations are small and extremely rare (approximately 3-4 per year), in response to regional issues. There was one notable unannounced and unsanctioned construction worker protest over unpaid wages that garnered social media attention locally and regionally. The workers blocked a major highway near a soccer stadium under construction. The Qatari government and World Cup 2022 Organizing Committee investigated the allegations, determined the contractor was not paying the workers as promised, and terminated the contract. The government paid the workers the missing wages. Future spontaneous demonstrations over unpaid wages are questionable. The country is in a race to complete the necessary infrastructure and stadiums prior to the start of the World Cup. Demonstrations typically occur only with the prior approval from the government, which imposes tight controls on organizers.
Post-specific Concerns
Environmental Hazards
The climate is extreme and unforgiving for approximately four to six months of the year. Throughout the year, but especially in the spring, Qatar is subject to dust storms that can emerge quickly, causing whiteout and low visibility conditions for hours to days. These storms can have a substantial impact on driving/road conditions and airport operations. During the summer (April-October), temperatures can average between 95-122° Fahrenheit (35-50° Celsius). The average humidity is 90%. During the winter (December-February), rain showers are more likely, with generally mild days and relatively cold (55° Fahrenheit / 13° Celsius) evenings.
In 2018, Doha experienced several flooding events. Due to a lack of drainage and overdevelopment, rainwater has nowhere to go, and the ground becomes saturated rapidly. In late October, a severe rainstorm paralyzed Doha after approximately a year’s worth of rain fell in 4-5 hours. The storm stranded motorists, and gridlock ensued. Residences and parking garages in low-lying areas flooded. Police, fire, and emergency vehicles were unable to reach those in need or assist in flooding mitigation efforts. It took several days of pumping to return the city to normal. During the rainy season (September – December), it is important to monitor weather reports. Because of Doha’s unique location and climate, weather forecasting is not always accurate.
Qatar is not located in an earthquake zone, but is prone to aftershocks from nearby earthquake prone countries such as Iran. However, high-rise buildings have a higher level of earthquake-zone category protection to afford tremor resilience.
Critical Infrastructure Concerns
Residential apartments and villas do not usually have substantial insulation, lack waterproofing, and often have no interior heat source.
Industrial and public health/safety standards are not always up to Western standards. Workplace accidents are common due to hazardous working conditions, relaxed safety standards, and the presence of dangerous/toxic industrial materials and equipment.
Because of the local employment situation for expatriates, employers have additional responsibilities under Qatari law when an employee dies. In most cases, the employer is responsible for the repatriation of the deceased’s body and personal possessions (according to the specifics of the employment contract), and for coordination with the next of kin for their repatriation as well, if they are residing in Qatar under the deceased’s sponsorship.
Personal Identity Concerns
Expatriate females have reported incidents of sexual harassment and assaults. In 2017 and 2018, the RSO and MOI received reports of indecent exposure, sexual assault, and harassment of women. Review the State Department’s webpage on security for female travelers. Expatriates, and particularly unaccompanied women, should exercise heightened situational awareness and vigilance whenever in a public place, especially in locations that serve alcoholic beverages, aboard public transportation, and in taxis. Men occasionally verbally and/or physically harass unaccompanied expatriate women. In deference to Islamic culture, avoid wearing sleeveless shirts, halter-tops, or shorts. Only wear athletic clothing in public when engaged in sports activities.
Travelers – especially women – perceived to be part of the migrant work force might face discrimination and harassment, often from other foreign residents. Depending on regional developments, authorities might target individuals of certain nationalities for additional security screening and attention.
Same-sex sexual relations between men are against the law, even if relations are consensual. Penalties include lashings, lengthy prison sentences and/or deportation. There is no law criminalizing same-sex sexual relations between women, though cultural norms are conservative. Review the State Department’s webpage on security for LGBTI+ travelers.
Attempts to covert a member of another religion or even “share your faith” can be considered proselytizing. Penalties for such actions include deportation or imprisonment. While you may import religious material for personal use, do not bring religious materials into the country for proselytizing purposes; this is prohibited. Charitable activities, religious and non-religious in nature, require advance approval from the Social Affairs Ministry. Review OSAC’s report, Freedom to Practice, and the State Department’s webpage on security for faith-based travelers.
Access and accommodation are limited, given the scarcity of ramps, TTY or TDD communication systems, Braille signs, and/or appropriate restroom facilities. Public transportation is generally inaccessible. Review the State Department’s webpage on security for travelers with disabilities.
Drug-related Crime
Authorities have seized drugs through improved enforcement, greater emphasis on interdiction, and increased law enforcement capabilities to identify, monitor, track, and apprehend offenders. Seizures occurred primarily at ports of entry and in coastal waters during interdiction operations. Media reports have pointed to an apparent increase in drug seizures at the airport; cases have involved international drug smugglers using couriers to transport quantities of narcotics (e.g. hashish, cocaine, methamphetamine). Qatar Airways Cargo is one of the largest cargo haulers in the world, making Qatar an increasingly attractive transit locale for drug smugglers.
Other Issues
Qatari law mandates that surveillance cameras at most public facilities, including residential compounds, hospitals, malls, and hotels. MOI receives this footage and stores it for security and investigation purposes. As a result, MOI monitors most visitors and residents via surveillance cameras. The government of Qatar also collects biometric data at the port of entry.
Police Response
The emergency line in Qatar is 999. English-speaking dispatchers routinely handle calls to this number, but language proficiency can vary. For local first responders, refer to the Embassy’s Emergency Assistance page.
The MOI and the Internal Security Force (ISF, Lekhwiya) are primarily responsible for law enforcement and security. The MOI/Al Fazaa police (Rescue Police) provide emergency response units. The MOI operates the National Command Center (NCC) in northern Doha. The NCC possesses sophisticated capabilities to respond to emergency calls, identify/monitor security incidents, and provide response coordination in the event of contingencies. All MOI entities are represented at the NCC, which operates around the clock. The NCC continues to expand its capabilities; it serves as the primary focal point for incident response and crisis management, and as a control center for major events.
Qatar possesses enormous financial resources to purchase top-of-the-line law enforcement equipment, communications systems, and both private and governmental training. However, a small Qatari population limits recruitment possibilities, creating perpetual human resource shortfalls in the public safety and law enforcement fields. Most uniformed enlisted MOI police forces are third-country nationals. Officers and decision makers are generally Qataris. This mixture of nationalities in the public safety field can present some command, control, and communications challenges.
Customer service, response, and investigative skills may not be at a level expected in the U.S. English-language skills of first responders may be lacking. Depending upon traffic density and other priorities, police response times in Doha can exceed 30 minutes. Response times can be even longer during local religious holidays (Ramadan, in particular), on weekends, and/or during hours of darkness. Major events may result in blocked roadways, further delaying responders. Nevertheless, police officers are generally professional, cooperative, and courteous when responding to U.S. citizen requests for assistance, particularly when assisting and adjudicating traffic accidents and infractions.
Police officers, particularly patrol officers, public premises, and traffic police, do not make traffic stops as often as police in the U.S., relying on an extensive network of cameras for traffic enforcement. Police officers often remain in certain locations as a visual deterrence, not necessarily to perform response or incident management functions.
Download the State Department’s Crime Victims Assistance brochure.
Most residential compounds occupied by U.S. government and expatriate personnel employ local security guards under contract with the compound’s management. Most compounds have varying degrees of physical and technical security systems, including various types of access control, vehicle placards/stickers, barrier systems, CCTV, and other countermeasures. Some compounds have local police (MOI Public Guards) assigned to provide deterrence/response.
Medical Emergencies
Modern medical facilities and Western-style pharmacies are available. Doctors and hospitals expect immediate cash payment for health services. Find contact information for available medical services and available air ambulance services on the Embassy’s Medical Assistance page.
Depending upon traffic density and other service calls, ambulance response time in Doha can exceed 30 minutes. During local religious holidays (Ramadan, in particular), weekends, and/or after hours, response times could be longer. Relative to the region, responding crews are well equipped and well trained.
Before traveling, U.S. citizens should ensure they have comprehensive travel and medical insurance that will provide adequate coverage while in Qatar. Regardless of insurance coverage, many physicians and health care facilities will require payment with either cash or credit card before rendering service; medical treatment costs are expensive. The U.S. Department of State strongly recommends purchasing international health insurance before traveling internationally. Review the State Department’s webpage on insurance overseas.
The CDC offers additional information on vaccines and health guidance for Qatar. Review OSAC’s reports, The Healthy Way, Traveling with Medication, I’m Drinking What in My Water?, Shaken: The Don’ts of Alcohol Abroad, Health 101: How to Prepare for Travel, and Fire Safety Abroad.
OSAC Country Council Information
OSAC Qatar Country Council meets monthly and has a diverse membership, including U.S.-owned and joint-venture firms from the energy and service sectors, academia, and the medical community. Contact OSAC’s Middle East and North Africa team for more information or to join.
U.S. Embassy Contact Information
Al-Luqta District, 22nd February Street, P.O. Box 2399.
Hours of Operation: 0730-1600 Sunday to Thursday. The hours for routine American Citizen Services are 1300-1500 on Sunday, Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday by appointment.
Website: https://qa.usembassy.gov
Embassy Operator: +(974) 4496-6000
State Department Emergency Line: +1-202-501-4444
Helpful Information
Before you travel, consider the following resources:
