Published: December 13, 2024
This report is intended to supplement the U.S. Department of State Malawi Travel Advisory and Malawi Country Information Page.
Embassy & Consulate Contact Information
U.S. Embassy Lilongwe:
Area 40, Plot 24, 16 Kenyatta Drive, Lilongwe
U.S. Embassy Lilongwe is located in the City Centre district of Lilongwe, loosely bordered by the major arteries of Presidential Way, Kenyatta Drive, and Africa Unity Drive. Physical addresses are not in regular use and are a poor means of locating the compound.
Operator: +265-1-773-166 or +265-1-773-342
OSAC Country Chapter(s)
Lilongwe has an active Country Chapter. Contact OSAC’s Africa team for more information or to join.
Malawi Travel Advisory
The current U.S. Department of State Travel Advisory at the date of this report’s publication assesses that travelers exercise increased caution in Malawi due to crime and civil unrest.
While the general peace level is assessed as medium, urban areas face a heightened crime threat influenced by economic conditions, corruption, and systemic weaknesses in governance and enforcement.
Crime
The U.S. Department of State has assessed Lilongwe as being a CRITICAL-threat location for crime directed at or affecting official U.S. government interests.
The U.S. Department of State has included a Crime “C” indicator on the Travel Advisory for Malawi.
Malawi faces a complex crime and safety environment shaped by economic instability, governance challenges, and its geographical location. Like many developing nations, the country struggles with a general increase in crime, including incidents targeting expatriates and areas frequented by foreigners. Rising commodity and fuel prices, linked to deteriorating economic conditions, are key drivers of this trend. Crime, especially in urban areas such as Lilongwe, Zomba, Mzuzu, and Blantyre, includes pickpocketing, vehicle robbery, residential burglary, and violent armed assaults. Criminals often operate in groups, wielding machetes or other weapons, and display a readiness to resort to violence, making compliance during confrontations critical for personal safety.
Organized crime is a growing threat, with Malawi serving as a transit hub for various illegal activities. Human trafficking and smuggling are on the rise, targeting vulnerable populations, especially in refugee camps, for forced labor and sexual exploitation. The country's porous borders facilitate drug trafficking, and the growing presence of synthetic drugs like methamphetamine adds a troubling dimension to the drug trade. Environmental crimes, including illegal logging, charcoal production, and wildlife trafficking (notably of ivory and pangolin scales) continue to exploit weak enforcement mechanisms and threaten Malawi's natural resources.
Corruption remains a pervasive challenge, undermining crime prevention efforts and enabling illegal activities, from counterfeit goods trade to wildlife exploitation. Law enforcement and the judiciary, though demonstrating resilience, face significant limitations due to underfunding, insufficient training, and political pressures. Public distrust of the police has fueled instances of mob justice, even in major cities, further complicating crime management. Despite community policing efforts, these systemic issues have impeded substantial progress in reducing criminal activity.
In urban settings, expatriates and affluent residents face increased risks, particularly during daylight hours in residential areas. Streets are generally unsafe after dark, even for groups, and hotels, although relatively secure, may present risks if security measures are inadequate. Single-family homes and compounds are frequent targets for property crime, with home invasions posing a significant concern.
Beyond urban crime, Malawi’s status as a transit route for trafficking networks complicates efforts to combat organized crime. Human smuggling, illegal migration, and drug trafficking flow through the country, driven by weak border controls and limited resources. In addition, structural challenges in the mining sector, including the illicit smuggling of minerals, highlight governance gaps exploited by both local and foreign criminal actors.
Economic vulnerabilities compound these challenges. Malawi's reliance on agriculture exposes it to climate change and economic shocks, leaving the population susceptible to exploitation. Efforts to diversify the economy and improve governance show promise but remain insufficient in addressing the root causes of crime. Enhanced international cooperation and adherence to treaties, particularly in wildlife crime and human trafficking, have demonstrated potential but require more robust legal frameworks and resources.
Illegal logging and charcoal production remain rampant, with organized crime exploiting weak border enforcement. Wildlife trafficking, particularly ivory and pangolin scales, persists despite improved legislation. The mining sector also suffers from illegal exploitation of minerals, with foreign actors and organized groups smuggling resources across borders.
Despite these challenges, Malawi has shown resilience and a commitment to addressing crime. Recent high-profile arrests and anti-corruption measures illustrate progress, although systemic governance issues persist. Strengthening law enforcement capabilities, securing borders, and fostering international partnerships are critical to improving Malawi's safety and security landscape. For expatriates and visitors, heightened vigilance and adherence to security measures are essential in navigating the country's crime environment.
Exercise caution when visiting or conducting business in areas with limited access to public security forces, particularly isolated or remote locations. The main bus stations in Lilongwe and Blantyre have been identified as hotspots for theft and petty crime, with pickpocketing and purse-snatching incidents commonly reported. Travelers are advised to remain vigilant in crowded areas such as marketplaces, shopping centers, and near public transportation hubs.
If travel to remote areas is necessary, take proactive measures to ensure personal safety. Avoid traveling alone or after dark as the risk of encountering criminal activity increases significantly in these circumstances. Ensure that travel plans are communicated to a trusted party and consider employing a reputable local guide or security escort when navigating high-risk or unfamiliar areas. By adhering to these precautions, travelers can reduce their vulnerability and better manage safety risks.
Kidnapping Threat
The U.S. Department of State has not included a Kidnapping “K” Indicator on the Travel Advisory for Malawi.
Kidnappings are not a widespread concern in Malawi, and there have been no recent high-profile incidents involving Westerners. Historically, expatriates have not been significant targets for kidnappings in the country. When kidnappings do occur, they often involve members of the Asian business community rather than foreign travelers or residents.
A specific concern involves the abduction of persons with albinism, driven by harmful superstitions claiming that their body parts can bring luck and wealth. These targeted kidnappings are rooted in cultural myths and primarily affect Malawians with albinism rather than foreign nationals.
Human trafficking continues to rise, with victims exploited for forced labor and sex trafficking. Refugee camps are key areas of concern, with traffickers targeting vulnerable individuals. The overlap between trafficking and smuggling networks has further complicated efforts to curb these activities, necessitating stronger legal frameworks and enforcement.
Terrorism
The U.S. Department of State has assessed Lilongwe as being a LOW-threat location for terrorism directed at or affecting official U.S. government interests.
The U.S. Department of State has not included a Terrorism “T” Indicator on the Travel Advisory for Malawi.
The Islamic State in Mozambique (IS-M) operates 700 km away from Malawi’s southern border with Mozambique, raising concerns about potential spillover into Malawi. Occasional clashes near the border underscore the risks of regional instability, though no verified terrorist incidents have occurred within Malawi. The country's role as a transit route for illegal movement from other African nations to South Africa further heightens the risk as armed groups facilitate criminal activities such as human trafficking, drug smuggling, and illegal migration. These networks create opportunities for criminal and extremist activities to intersect.
Malawi collaborates with regional partners to address these security threats. Travelers should exercise heightened awareness, particularly near border areas, and avoid unnecessary travel to remote regions along the Mozambique border. Stay informed through local and international security updates and consult OSAC or the U.S. Embassy in Lilongwe for guidance.
Political Violence and Civil Unrest
The U.S. Department of State has assessed Lilongwe as a MEDIUM-threat location for political violence affecting official U.S. government interests.
The Travel Advisory for Malawi includes a Civil Unrest "U" Indicator, highlighting the potential for rapid development of civil unrest without prior notice, which can disrupt logistics and services.
Demonstrations, even those intended to be peaceful, can become violent. For instance, in November 2024, armed groups disrupted opposition demonstrations in Lilongwe, leading to violence and heightened tensions. Similarly, following the death of Vice President Saulos Chilima in a plane crash in June 2024, protests erupted over the government's response, resulting in road blockades and confrontations.
Given these circumstances, it is advisable to avoid demonstration activities and remain vigilant as situations can escalate unexpectedly.
Elections/Political Stability
Spontaneous civil disturbances and demonstrations, primarily related to governance, economic issues, and dissatisfaction with political processes, can occur in Malawi. These incidents were particularly prevalent during the 2019 and 2020 presidential elections when acts of vandalism and looting frequently accompanied demonstrations.
The frequency of protests has risen in recent years, with incidents of looting and violence becoming more common. For example, demonstrations in 2023 over fuel shortages and allegations of government corruption escalated into violent clashes in major urban areas, including Lilongwe and Blantyre. Police interventions often involved the use of tear gas and arrests to restore order.
The next presidential elections are scheduled for September 2025, and political tensions are expected to heighten as the election date approaches. Travelers and residents are advised to avoid large gatherings and protests to mitigate risks to safety and disruptions to transportation and services.
Protests & Demonstrations
Public dissatisfaction with economic challenges, such as power outages, food insecurity, fuel shortages, inflation, and perceived government inefficiencies, continues to drive protest and demonstration activity in Malawi. Persistent unemployment and high inflation—although somewhat eased—have significantly contributed to public grievances. The COVID-19 pandemic further exacerbated these economic pressures. Protests in 2023 over the rising cost of living, devaluation of the local currency, and governance concerns escalated into violent clashes in cities such as Lilongwe, Blantyre, and Mzuzu, with reports of property damage and occasional looting. Similarly, fuel shortages and allegations of corruption in 2024 sparked additional protests, during which demonstrators blocked major roads and called for government accountability.
Those in Malawi should remain vigilant, avoid areas where demonstrations are occurring, and prepare for potential disruptions to transportation and public services.
Anti-U.S./Anti-Western Sentiment
There are minimal concerns of anti-U.S. sentiment in Malawi.
Law Enforcement
Report crimes to the national police at 0887393665 and 0111779040.
The Malawi Police Service (MPS), operating under the Ministry of Homeland Security, is the primary national law enforcement authority in Malawi. The Malawi Defense Force (MDF), tasked with external security, also engages in domestic activities when directed by the executive branch. These activities may include disaster relief, public order management, or other special assignments. The MDF commander reports directly to the president, who serves as the commander-in-chief. Civilian authorities generally maintain effective control over the security forces. However, there have been reports of misconduct by members of the Malawi Police Service, including excessive use of force and abuse of authority.
In the event of a crime involving U.S. citizens, victims or suspects should promptly contact local police and notify the U.S. Embassy in Lilongwe. It is recommended to inform the police of your U.S. citizenship and request that they communicate with the Embassy on your behalf. The Embassy can provide additional support and resources as needed.
Police Response
The Malawi Police Service (MPS) serves as the national law enforcement authority. While its capabilities are gradually improving, significant challenges remain in its ability to deter and investigate crimes, assist victims, and apprehend criminals. Resource constraints, including a lack of basic equipment (notably transportation), insufficient funding, and inadequate training, severely limit the effectiveness of the police force.
Public confidence in the MPS has been declining, largely due to allegations of corruption, inefficiency, and a perceived inability to address rising criminal activity. Reports of delayed response times and mishandling of cases have further eroded trust in law enforcement. Despite these challenges, some efforts have been made to enhance police capabilities, including international partnerships aimed at providing training and resources.
Residents and visitors in Malawi should be aware that the police response may not meet expectations in critical situations. It is advisable to take proactive personal security measures and, when necessary, seek support from the U.S. Embassy in Lilongwe.
While Malawi's judiciary has improved in resilience, it remains underfunded and influenced by political and corruption pressures. Law enforcement capabilities are limited, with insufficient training and resources hampering their ability to address organized crime effectively. Porous borders remain a significant challenge in curbing transnational crime.
Travelers with Special Considerations
For specific traveler concerns in Malawi, review the local laws and circumstances on the Department of State’s Country Information Page.
Rule of Law, Arbitrary Detention, Official Harassment, Corruption, & Transparency
The U.S. Department of State has not included a Risk of Wrongful Detention “D” Indicator on the Travel Advisory for Malawi.
Corruption continues to impede progress, particularly in law enforcement and governance structures. Recent efforts to combat corruption, including high-profile arrests and international cooperation, show promise, but systemic challenges persist. The government’s initiatives in wildlife crime and human trafficking prevention demonstrate commitment, though more resources are needed to enhance effectiveness.
Cybersecurity
The Electronic Transactions and Cyber Security Act of 2016 criminalizes the unauthorized receipt and sharing of data, imposing substantial fines and up to five years' imprisonment for violations. It also penalizes the willful and repeated use of electronic communication to disturb an individual's peace or privacy.
In February 2024, Malawi's Immigration Department suffered a reported cyber-attack, leading to a two-week suspension of passport issuance. President Lazarus Chakwera declined to pay the ransom demanded by the attackers, highlighting the incident as a significant national security breach.
The Malawi Police Service's 2023 Annual Report indicates a rise in cybercrime cases, including hacking and online fraud. The government has established a cybersecurity unit within the police service to investigate and prosecute such offenses.
Import/Export Restrictions
The Ministry of Industry and Trade in Malawi is responsible for issuing import and export licenses, which are valid for six months and may be extended. The ministry regularly reviews and updates the lists of goods that require licensing, with updates published in the Government Gazette. Goods subject to licensing include various categories such as agricultural products, processed foods, industrial materials, wildlife items, and strategic commodities. These requirements are governed by the Control of Goods Act of 2020.
A country-specific listing of items/goods prohibited from being exported to the country or that are otherwise restricted is available from the U.S. International Trade Agency website.
Additional resources and reports can be found in the OSAC Traveler Toolkit.
